PAT testing explained — who needs it and how often
PAT (portable appliance testing) checks that plug-in electrical equipment — kettles, computers, power tools, extension leads — is safe to use. There's no law that says 'you must PAT test' by name, but the Electricity at Work Regulations require employers and landlords to keep electrical equipment safe, and PAT is the recognised, practical way to demonstrate that. How often depends on the equipment and environment, not a fixed legal interval.
What PAT testing actually checks
It combines a visual inspection (plug, cable, casing) with electrical tests (earth continuity, insulation resistance) on appliances that plug into a socket. Each item is labelled pass or fail and recorded on an asset register, so you have evidence the equipment was checked.
Who needs it
Employers, landlords (for appliances they supply), and operators of public-facing premises like offices, shops, schools and hospitality. It's also commonly expected for HMOs and by insurers. Homeowners testing their own gear isn't a legal duty.
How often
There's no single legal frequency — it's risk-based. Equipment in tough environments (construction tools, hire equipment) is checked far more often than, say, a fixed office computer. The right schedule comes from the type of equipment, how it's used and the environment it lives in.
Is PAT testing a legal requirement?
Not by name. The law (the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989) requires electrical equipment to be maintained in a safe condition; PAT testing is the standard, accepted way to show you're meeting that duty.
How is PAT different from an EICR?
An EICR tests the building's fixed wiring; PAT tests the appliances that plug into it. They're separate jobs, and many premises need both.
Do new appliances need testing?
Brand-new equipment is generally considered safe and doesn't need a full test immediately — a visual check is usually enough until it enters your normal testing cycle.